CONSTRUCTING AND STANDARDIZING A SCALE OF GENERAL AND LOBAR BRAIN DOMINANCE TO ASSESS ITS CONTRIBUTION TO ATTENTIONAL ABILITIES AMONG FUTSAL REFEREES IN IRAQ

Abstract

This research aims to construct and standardize a scale for general and lobar brain dominance to assess its contribution to the attentional abilities of futsal referees in Iraq. The developed scale is grounded in a review of existing literature and specifically targets the attentional capabilities required for futsal officiating. A descriptive research design was employed, using an intentional selection approach for the study population and a random selection for the sample. The total sample consisted of 225 subjects, with 135 designated for reliability analysis and 90 for standardization. The scale demonstrated a high degree of reliability as determined by expert consensus, with reliability coefficients of 0.80, 0.866, and 0.933. The final scale consists of 46 items. The scale’s contribution to attentional abilities was significant at the p < 0.05 level, with specific contributions to attention shifting (0.469), attention distribution (0.656), and attention focus (0.698). The findings confirm that the scale meets the scientific requirements for assessing whole-brain dominance. Furthermore, the observed relationship between brain dominance and the referees' attentional abilities is logically and scientifically supported. In conclusion, the researchers successfully constructed and standardized a valid and reliable scale tailored to the study sample. The findings reveal varying degrees of brain dominance contributions to the attentional abilities of the sample. Based on these results, the researchers recommend increased attention to studies on brain dominance and attentional abilities, given their critical role for futsal referees. Future research is suggested to replicate this study with different samples and variables to further enhance the general and individual performance of referees