The Effect of the Ruffini Model on Offensive Tactical Behavior and Teaching the (2–2) Play System in Futsal

Abstract

This research addressed the need to pay attention to the best modern models and teaching methods that suit each learner, in order to acquire, master, and consolidate motor-skill performance in various sports skills, and to help learners and trainees reach the highest levels of physical and skill performance in order to achieve the educational objectives with the assistance of the instructor for the success of the teaching and training process. The research problem was identified as the limited attention given by most educational curricula to the use of electronic instructional designs accompanying teaching models in learning motor skills and play systems, which leads to weak skill and technical performance in futsal, and consequently the required improvement in the skill and motor abilities of the students is not achieved. These curricula also consume a great deal of time and effort in implementation. Hence, the urgent need arose to use a modern model such as the Ruffini model in teaching futsal, a model that is a product of constructivist learning and its cognitive theories in organizing the learning environment electronically and bridging the relationship between theoretical principles and their applications in the teaching situation, and in equipping learners with the experience and knowledge related to the game and with quality skill and tactical performance represented by the offensive (2–2) play situation, in a manner consistent with the requirements of modern futsal. The study aimed to identify the effect of the Ruffini model on offensive tactical behavior and on teaching the (2–2) play system in futsal. The experimental method was used. The research population was defined as fourth-stage female students at the College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences / University of Misan for the academic year 2025–2026, numbering (17) students, and the study sample consisted of (14) students, who were divided into two groups (experimental and control) by simple random assignment (drawing lots), with (7) students per group. For the pilot experiment, (3) students were selected from the same research population. The two researchers used the offensive tactical behavior scale in futsal and a test of the (2–2) play system to measure the accuracy and speed of preparing the attack, and the SPSS statistical program was used to obtain the research results. The two researchers concluded that applying the instructional units according to the Ruffini model was effective in improving the cognitive, emotional, and reflective aspects of the experimental group sample compared with the conventional method, and they recommended that instructors of futsal be given developmental training courses on how to apply the Ruffini model in teaching the prescribed subjects